Estudio de Mezclas Ácido Poliláctico – Almidón de Achira Compatibilizadas con Polivinil Alcohol
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Pamela Molina
Gabriela Silva
Vladimir Valle
María-Belén Aldás
Erick Proaño
Resumen
Se prepararon mezclas ácido poliláctico (PLA) – almidón de achira empleando polivinil alcohol (PVA) y glicerol como compatibilizante y plastificante, respectivamente. Las mezclas fueron caracterizadas en términos de espectroscopia infrarroja por transformadas de Fourier (FTIR), calorimetría diferencial de barrido (DSC), y propiedades mecánicas. Las superficies de fractura obtenidas del ensayo de tensión fueron evaluadas por medio de microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM). Adicionalmente, se determinó la biodegradabilidad de las mezclas por medio de ensayos en suelo natural, vermicomposteo, así como también en condiciones aerobias y anaerobias. De acuerdo con los resultados, el PVA incrementó la resistencia a la tensión, elongación a la rotura y produjo una disminución en el módulo de Young. Las imágenes SEM exhibieron superficies rugosas con gránulos de almidón. Adicionalmente, los resultados de DSC evidenciaron un solo valor de Tg, muy cercana a la Tg de los componentes solos; en tanto que los espectros FTIR sugirieron la presencia de enlace hidrógeno entre PLA y almidón. Finalmente, los resultados de vermicomposteo revelaron un alto nivel de degradación de las mezclas PLA – almidón de achira.
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