Control de Flujo en Rampas: Una Revisión de Literatura

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Nora Patricia Cazorla Vanegas

Francisco Calderón

Elina Avila-Ordóñez


Palabras clave:
Ramp metering, Dynamic traffic control, Freeway bottlenecks Ramp metering, Sistema dinámico de control de tráfico, Beneficios, Contra indicadores

Resumen

Los sistemas de control de flujo en rampas (RM) permiten estabilizar el flujo vehicular en las autopistas (ocupación vehicular inferior al valor crítico) con el fin de evitar congestión. Una adecuada aplicación de RM asegura un menor tiempo total de viaje en la red (TTS) (tiempo de viaje en la autopista y el tiempo de espera en las rampas de ingreso) con respecto al escenario sin control. Las ganancias en TTS pueden resultar de prevenir el inicio de la congestión o de limitar el despliegue de colas. En este artículo, el estado del arte es analizado por veintiún documentos relevantes que comparan el desempeño de dos o más estrategias de RM utilizando un caso de estudio. Estos documentos se clasificaron según el tipo de estrategia y la reducción reportada en TTS. Independientemente de la estrategia, los autores concuerdan con que RM debe aplicarse a autopistas congestionadas con similares TTS entre rampas. Los cuellos de botella deben estar claramente identificados para establecer el lugar en el cual debe realizarse el control. Los parámetros de control deben establecerse utilizando datos históricos y en tiempo real y ser actualizados paulatinamente. Por otro lado, parámetros de entrada incorrectos, reacción en lugar de anticipación y la formación de colas solo en algunas rampas coordinadas podrían empeorar la situación inicial del flujo.

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Detalles del artículo

Biografía del autor/a

Nora Patricia Cazorla Vanegas, Models, Analysis and Simulation of Transport Systems (MAS), Research Group, University of Cuenca, Ecuador

Ingeniera Civil por la Universidad de Cuenca, Master en logística, tránsito y transporte por la KU Leuven, Bélgica.

Docente en la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Universidad de Cuenca e investigadora del proyecto Movilidad Activa y Sostenible.

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