Análisis del Lenguaje Natural para la Identificación de Alteraciones Mentales en Redes Sociales: Una Revisión Sistemática de Estudios
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Resumen
Las enfermedades mentales constituyen una de las principales causas de angustia en la vida de las personas a nivel individual, y repercuten en la salud y el bienestar de la sociedad. Para captar estas complejas asociaciones, las ciencias computacionales y la comunicación, a través del uso de métodos de procesamiento del lenguaje natural (NLP) en datos recolectados en redes sociales, han aportado prometedores avances para potenciar la atención sanitaria mental proactiva y ayudar al diagnóstico precoz. Por ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura acerca de la detección de alteraciones mentales a través de redes sociales, mediante el uso de NLP en los últimos 5 años, que permitió identificar métodos, tendencias y orientaciones futuras, a través del análisis de 73 estudios, de 509 que arrojó la revisión de documentos extraídos de bases de datos científicas. El estudio reveló que, los fenómenos más comúnmente estudiados, correspondieron a Depresión e Ideación suicida, identificados a través del uso de algoritmos como el LIWC, CNN, LSTM, RF y SVM, en datos extraídos principalmente de Reddit y Twitter. Este estudio, finalmente proporciona algunas recomendaciones sobre las metodologías de NLP para la detección de enfermedades mentales, que pueden ser adoptadas en el ejercicio de profesionales interesados en la salud mental, y algunas reflexiones sobre el uso de estas tecnologías.
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