Fuentes de Generación de Energía Eléctrica Convencional y Renovable a Nivel Mundial

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Jorge Rosero



Resumen

Actualmente la energía eléctrica es generada en su gran mayoría, por fuentes que consumen combustiblesfósiles y/o energía nuclear, con los consecuentes riesgos y daños al medio ambiente que esto representa; esto sumadoal aumento en los precios internacionales del petróleo, su inevitable agotamiento, la demanda de grandes cantidadesde energía y el envejecimiento de las redes actuales, han hecho que en los últimos años se de un importante impulsoy desarrollo a la generación de electricidad basada en fuentes renovables de energía que ha permitido incrementar demanera exponencial su aporte a nivel mundial. En este documento se presenta un análisis de las principales fuentesde generación de energía eléctrica, tanto convencionales como renovables, que se basa en una recopilación de datoshistóricos y estadísticos de producción, consumo, crecimiento y reservas, los mismos que permiten identificar a lospaíses y regiones líderes en cada área.

Currently, electric power is generated in its vast majority, for sources that consume fossil fuels and/or nuclearenergy, with consequent risks and environmental damage that represents, this added to the increase in international oilprices, the inevitable exhaustion, the demand for large amounts of energy and aging current networks have made inthe last years a significant development momentum and the generation of electricity from renewable sources of energywhich has increased its contribution exponentially worldwide. This paper presents an analysis of the main sources ofelectric power generation, both conventional and renewable, which is based on a compilation of historical and statisticaldata on production, consumption, and reserves growth, enabling them to identify the countries and regions leaders ineach area.

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