Optimización Simultanea de los Parámetros de Esquemas de Desconexión Automática de Carga y Convertidores Grid-forming
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Resumen
Al reemplazar la generación síncrona con generación basada en convertidores, se reduce la inercia rotacional disponible en el sistema eléctrico. Esta disminución de inercia modifica el comportamiento dinámico del sistema, lo que provoca cambios más pronunciados en la frecuencia del mismo y aumenta la posibilidad de activar esquemas de disparo automático de carga (DAC). Con el fin de evitar la disminución de la inercia rotacional, en la literatura se han elaborado esquemas de control para los convertidores que emulan el comportamiento de las máquinas síncronas, conocidos como controles grid-forming. Este artículo presenta una metodología general que permite optimizar simultáneamente los parámetros de los esquemas DAC y convertidores grid-forming en sistemas de baja inercia rotacional. El objetivo es minimizar la carga disparada durante eventos de baja frecuencia. Se presentan dos aportaciones: la primera es el procedimiento para evaluar la función objetivo, que consiste en evaluarla mediante el uso de resultados de una simulación en el dominio del tiempo; la segunda es la integración de parámetros de control grid-forming al problema de optimización, con el fin de aprovechar la respuesta rápida de los convertidores y proporcionar una respuesta más eficiente ante eventos de baja frecuencia. La metodología ha sido validada mediante diversos casos de estudio desarrollados usando el sistema de potencia tradicional de 9 barras, presentado originalmente en el libro de P.M. Anderson. Los resultados obtenidos corroboran que la metodología propuesta reduce la activación del esquema DAC durante un evento de baja frecuencia.
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