Reemplazo del Agregado Fino por Residuo de Ladrillo Refractario en Concreto Expuesto a Elevadas Temperaturas
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Jhan Bereche
Juan Martín García Chumacero
Resumen
Los desechos de ladrillos refractarios, sumado a los incendios que se originan en las estructuras, hacen posible juntar dos problemáticas para contribuir a una construcción sustentable para introducir nuevas alternativas de áridos en el concreto. El objetivo del estudio fue producir concreto con menos agregado fino y evaluar un concreto más sostenible, utilizando residuos de ladrillos refractarios (RLR) para reemplazar el agregado fino en cinco porcentajes 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 % y 50 % para ser expuestos a fuego directo. El diseño se basó en una relación agua-cemento a/c de 0.71 y en la elaboración de 144 probetas de hormigón a base de RLR. Las muestras frescas se sometieron a ensayos de asentamiento y peso unitario fresco, las probetas cilíndricas preparadas tras 28 días de curado se sometieron a resistencia a compresión a temperatura ambiente y diversas temperaturas (200 hasta 1 000 °C) durante diferentes tiempos de 15, 30 y 60 minutos. Además, se realizó un análisis estadístico de varianza de Tres Factores con respecto a la resistencia a compresión a los 28 días. Los resultados mostraron que el RLR influye en que la mezcla de hormigón sea menos trabajable y reduzca el peso unitario fresco a mayores porcentajes de sustitución. Por otro lado, la dosificación ideal fue con el porcentaje de 40RLR a diferencia de las otras dosis sometidas a calor, siendo insignificante la exposición de 15 minutos, pero si relevantes a 30 y 60 minutos. Se concluye que el RLR influye significativamente en la mejora de sus propiedades mecánicas sometidas al calor elevado y la cantidad de residuos se limita a una dosis específica, lo cual proporciona un enfoque constructivo sostenible frente a exposiciones de fuego directo controlado.
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